Ester Lauferová began her career in 1999 as the head of a humanitarian mission in western Kosovo. She first joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2003–2004, working in Iraq, before going on to serve with the International Organization for Migration in Iran and the Netherlands, as well as with the UN Mission in Afghanistan. She later worked as a consultant for NGOs in the Middle East. 

She returned to Czech diplomacy in 2008, spending two years in the office of the First Deputy Foreign Minister as the Envoy for the civilian and military mission in Afghanistan, and later as Special Envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan. From 2012 to 2015, she served as Consul General in Istanbul. Since 2023, she has been based in the Department of the Middle East and North Africa.