Diplomatic relations between Jordan and Czechoslovakia were established in 1964, less than eighteen years after the declaration of independence of the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan on 25th May 1946. Such a long delay was caused among others by belonging to different camps within the divided cold-war world. On the other hand, relations between the Communist Parties of the two countries developed lively. Since the late fifties, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was granting scholarships to Jordanian students.
A breakthrough in mutual relations took place after the Hashemite Kingdom established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in 1963 in order to find a more balanced position on the international scene. The diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and Jordan were established in April 1964 and in October of that year the Czechoslovak ambassador to Lebanon presented his credentials as ambassador to Jordan. A Czechoslovak representative office headed by a chargé d'affaires was established in Amman.
In spite of the establishment of the diplomatic relations, the political ties between the two countries remained insignificant due to the above mentioned reasons. Newertheless, the Eastern bloc led by Moscow was able, to some extent, appreciate the Jordanian anti-Israeli policy, but was largely displeased by the ongoing pro-Western orientation of the Kingdom and its problematic relations with the Moscow allies like Syria or the Palestine Liberation Organization.
In spite the political relations remaining neglectable, the trade relations developed relatively well. The Czechoslovak exports to Jordan in the mid-seventies reached 40 million crowns and the mutual trade balance exceeded the 10 million dollars height at the end of the decade. The Czechoslovak communist regime kept developing contacts with the Jordanian communists using the scholarships as the main instrument in this particular field. In 1973, more than160 Jordanian students reportedly studied in Czechoslovakia.
In 1978 the Czechoslovak foreign minister Mr. Chňoupek visited Jordan, followed by the Minister of Foreign Trade Mr. Nováček in 1984. In 1978, the two countries concluded an agreement on cultural cooperation and a trade agreement. In 1986 an agreement on cooperation in health care was signed. Nevertheless, the political relations remained rather formal.
The end of the Cold War, the fall of the communist regime in Prague and the peace agreement signed between Jordan and Israel allowed significant improvement in mutual relations. The friendship between the President Havel and the former Crown Prince Hassan, who repeatedly participated in the "Forum 2000" conference in Prague, further contributed to the development of Czech-Jordanian ties. President Václav Havel visited Jordan in 1998.
Positive trend in the Czech-Jordanian relations has been confirmed in recent years. In 2005, President Václav Klaus officially visited the Hashemite Kingdom and H. M. King Abdullah II visited Prague in April 2009. At the end of 2009 the Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs Jan Kohout and Defense Minister Martin Bartak came to Jordan to discuss mutual cooperation in the fields of politics, trade and security.
Significant improvement in political relations, however, did not affect the level of trade. In the nineties, the level of mutual trade decreased bellow 10 million dollars a year. Slight increase followed in the 2000s but the mutual trade still remained relatively modest. For example in 2007 the exchange of 25.5 million U.S. dollars ranked Jordan only a 96th biggest business partner of the Czech republic.
The Czech Republic is gradually strengthening relations with Jordan in a number of areas. In 2008 the two countries signed an agreement on abolition of double taxation. A MOU between the ministries of agriculture and defense were signed in 2008 and 2009 respectively. In November 2009 the Jordan and The Czech Republic concluded a cooperation programme in the fields of education, science, youth and sports.

A positive shift was brought by the official visits of the President of the Czech Republic Milos Zeman in February 2015 and by the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic Bohuslav Sobotka in October 2015. Mutual trade has increased by 62% in 2016 compared with 2015, mainly thanks to cooperation between Czech and Jordanian companies in the truck segment, export of machinery and paper products. In addition to supplies of equipment for military and state hospitals, other opportunities are offered in public transport, water management, the building materials industry, and the food industry.

The assumption for further growth of mutual economic cooperation is the creation of mixed economic commission, enshrined in the Economic Partnership Agreement of April 2017. The potential of qualified co-operation also enhances the signed bilateral cooperation agreement to develop the peaceful use of nuclear energy in August 2017.

Jordan is facing the consequences of a large influx of refugees in the face of ongoing conflicts in neighbouring Syria and Iraq. The Czech Republic continues to focus on tackling the problems in source countries and stabilizing measures to help the population in coping with the migration and refugee crisis. This is why the Czech Republic provides Jordan with the largest humanitarian and financial support from all the affected states. Specific projects include infrastructure building and the expansion of capacities of the Zatari and Azrak refugee camps; another $ 40 million project is designed to improve the living conditions of nearly 70,000 Syrian refugees in Jordan. The Czech Government has provided CZK 10 million to the Jordanian Ministry of the Interior, and a further donation of CZK 15 million was decided on 21 August 2017. In addition to financial assistance, the Czech Republic provides refugees with medical program MEDEVAC. More than 40 Czech medical teams have been replaced in Jordan since 2013.