General information about Schengen Visa Applications and the Schengen Area can be found here. 

More specific information about lodging your application via the Consulate General in Sydney can be found below. 

Holders of valid Australian or New Zealand passports can enter the Schengen Area (including the Czech Republic) and stay there for up to 90 days within every 180 days without a visa. This 90 days period applies to the whole Schengen Area and the 180 days period is counted from the date of the first entry to the Schengen Area. If the purpose of stay is profitable (scientific research or employment), a Schengen Visa needs to be applied for (even for holders of Australian and New Zealand passports). Information on how to apply for these types of visas can be found here.