Azerbaijan hosted the 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference, where representatives of national governments, international organizations and agencies, NGOs and businesses attended to discuss the global effort to mitigate climate change and accelerate green energy transition. The main focus of the 29th UNCCC was on climate finance for developing countries, adaptation to risks of climate change and operationalisation of the Fund for responding to Loss and Damage.

The Czech Republic took an active participation in both bilateral and multilateral negotiations and sent to Baku a national representation consisting of the Prime Minister, Petr Fiala, Minister of Regional Development, Petr Kulhánek, members of the Chamber of Deputies, delegates of the Ministry of Environment, as well as the first Czech UN Youth Delegate for Climate and other experts from the Czech Republic that focus on climate policy and climate change agendas, whether from the nonprofit sector or journalists.

Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala visited Baku on November 12–13. At the World Leaders Climate Action Summit, he stressed the severity of recent extreme climatic events, reaffirmed Czechia's commitment to carbon neutrality and highlighted the role of nuclear energy, including technologies like Small Modular Reactors, in achieving climate goals. He also affirmed that Czechia is prepared to assist any country that aims to fulfill its own potential in nuclear energy.

This emphasis on nuclear energy during COP29 aligns with Azerbaijan’s recent strides in this field. The signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between Azerbaijan’s Ministry of Energy and the IAEA highlights country’s commitment to diversifying its energy sector and exploring nuclear energy as part of its clean energy transition. Nuclear energy could become another area of bilateral cooperation between the Czech Republic and Azerbaijan, with the Czech Republic sharing its expertise in nuclear energy planning, training, and technology to support Azerbaijan in achieving its energy diversification goals.

The program of COP29 was diverse – from plenary sessions addressing key issues to thematic pavilions where countries and organizations showcased their initiatives and hosted various meetings and presentations. Each day was dedicated to a thematic issue, such as science, technology and digitalisation day or food, agriculture and water day. A notable highlight was the urbanisation, transport and tourism day, which took place on 20 November and was one of the key days for the Czech Republic, represented by the Minister of Regional Development, who delivered national statements at two high-level events, held several bilateral meetings and spoke to a number of media representatives, including those from Azerbaijan. Moreover, the members of Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic took part in Parliamentary Meeting organized by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Milli Majlis of the Republic of Azerbaijan on November 16 and 17.

The Embassy of the Czech Republic in Azerbaijan provided support to the Czech representation, serving as a liaison between the Czech side and the organizers – UNFCCC and the Azerbaijani presidency. COP29 provided an opportunity for global-level negotiations, sharing experiences, and strengthening mutual cooperation.